LAOS NATION REPORT Essay -- essays research papers fc

Introduction My country is Laos. It is a small, poor country in Southeast Asia. The population is about five million. It is 91,400 square miles and the officail language is Lao but french and english is only spoken for buisness purposes mainly. The currency is Kip. Human beings began living in the present territory of Laos more than 10,000 years ago. Stone tools and skulls were discovered in the Huaphan and Luang Prabang provinces. They did carbon dating on these artifacts and test say there around 10,000 years old. The giant jars in Xieng Khouang province and stone columns in Huaphan province date from the neolithic period. Humans in Laos used iron for their tools as early as the last century B.C. Community grouping of people slowly formed into townships between the fourth and eight century A.D. on both sides of the Mekong River and along its tributaries. In 1349-1357, a movement emerged under the command of King Fa Ngoum, a national hero, to group the townships into a unified Lan Xang Kingdom, the capital of which stood at Xiengdong Xiengthong, now known as Luang Prabang. From then on, the Kingdom of Lan xang entered into an era of national defence and construction under King Fa Ngoum who first introduced Hinayana Buddhism from the Khmer Kingdom into Laos, which is still the religion professed by the majority of Lao people. From 1479 to 1570, the Lao people were forced to defend the country against foreign aggressors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Under the rule of King Setthathirath, the capital was moved from Xiengdong Xiengthong to Vientiane in 1560. A moat was built to protect the new capital whose name means the rampart if sandalwood. King Setthathirath built a shrine to house the Phra Kaeo, the Emerald Buddha. He also erected the Luang Stupa, a venerated religious shrine which is now the symbol of the Lao nation. In the seventeenth century, under the reign of King Souliyavongsa, the Kingdom entered its most brilliant era. It was respected by neighbouring countries and was reputed in many countries of the world. in 1694, a Dutch merchand of the East Indian Company, Geritt Van Wuysthoff, and later, two Italian misssionaries, Leria and Marini, visited the Kingdom of Lan Xang. They wrote awed reports on the rich and beautiful palaces and temples, and the splendid religious ceremonies, saying Vientiane was the most magnificient city in South Eas... ...es Laos's entire north-south length, and its tributaries. These plains are very narrow in the north but are wider farther south. Finally, three high plateaus are situated throughout the country: the Plain of Jars in the north, the Khammouan Plateau in the center, and the Bolovens Plateau in the south. Movement of the country   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Laos does not seem to be moving anywhere really. It is a small, poor country that lacks in technology, communication, transportation, health care and money. There tourism is very low and people mainly just work and live in little villages. Recently they’ve been having trouble with terroists. There is a drug problem, there our many drug lords selling marijuana and opium. Recently the US has been helping cracking down on drug trade. Summary   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Day to day life in Laos seems pretty simple besides living in poverty. They do not have the technology craze, pressures or high crime rates like many large countries. Lao people our hard workers that work together in small villages to survive. There families our mostly very large. Map Bibliography www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~kongsab/ www.laoconnection.com

Basics Of Pharmaceuticals

Aside from the requisites of drug manufacturing, a drug company must also have the knowledge on the legal aspect of the pharmaceutical business. A company must be able to know what agencies of the government he has to seek advice from before it undergoes the manufacturing process in order to have a good start.Relative to this, the company needs to know which regulates the safety and efficacy of the drugs to be manufactured and which agency protects the rights of the manufacturer and the consumers against illicit drugs.This paper will discuss the basic responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration and the Drug Enforcement Agency including the approval process of manufacturing a generic drug copy. FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND ITS RESPONSIBILITIES The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is generally responsible for ensuring the safety and efficacy of all drugs for human and veterinary use.FDA’s 1mission statement specifically states that the administration â€Å"is res ponsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. † This will then give us the idea why FDA need to regulate drugs, and that is to ensure that they are safe and effective. The administration is also held responsible for ensuring that the drugs have information that is honest and accurate for the general public to use.The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) (Drug Enforcement Administration for the United States) is primarily responsible for the enforcement of the Controlled Substances Laws and Regulations. In the United States, DEA is under the wing of the Department of Justice, where it serves as an arm of the justice against the 2those organizations and principal members of organizations, involved in the growing, manufacture, or distribution of controlled substances appearing in or destined for illi cit traffic in the United States. The DEA’s drugs of concern include: Cocaine, marijuana, heroin, inhalants, LSD, Ecstasy, Steroids, Oxycontin and Methamphetamine.The following list of specific responsibilities is adopted by this writer from the DEA’s official website: >Investigation and preparation for the prosecution of major violators of controlled substance laws operating at interstate and international levels. >Investigation and preparation for prosecution of criminals and drug gangs who perpetrate violence in our communities and terrorize citizens through fear and intimidation. >Management of a national drug intelligence program in cooperation with federal, state, local, and foreign officials to collect, analyze, and disseminate strategic and operational drug intelligence information.>Seizure and forfeiture of assets derived from, traceable to, or intended to be used for illicit drug trafficking. >Enforcement of the provisions of the Controlled Substances Act as they pertain to the manufacture, distribution, and dispensing of legally produced controlled substances. >Coordination and cooperation with federal, state and local law enforcement officials on mutual drug enforcement efforts and enhancement of such efforts through exploitation of potential interstate and international investigations beyond local or limited federal jurisdictions and resources.>Coordination and cooperation with federal, state, and local agencies, and with foreign governments, in programs designed to reduce the availability of illicit abuse-type drugs on the United States market through nonenforcement methods such as crop eradication, crop substitution, and training of foreign officials. >Responsibility, under the policy guidance of the Secretary of State and U. S. Ambassadors, for all programs associated with drug law enforcement counterparts in foreign countries.>Liaison with the United Nations, Interpol, and other organizations on matters relating to international drug control programs. DEA’S PROGRAMS AND OPERATIONS Drug Enforcement Agency also updates its programs and operations according to the demand of technology and the development of new methods of illicit drug operations. Recent report published in the KT4 Online alerted the public on the emergence of illegal websites that are bringing prescription drugs out into the market (KT4 Online, August 24, 2007).The DEA reported that such websites are able to market their products using just credit cards as payment modes. The agency now referred the so-called â€Å"rogue pharmacies† to the congress for the legislation of a more formidable law for such illegal and dangerous activities, which are regulated because such companies do not meet the standards set by the United States. Even medicinal or herbal plants that are not yet studied or regulated under the law is also under the responsibility of the DEA to study and made research relative to its danger in the human health.In Utah, a native plant called salvia divinorium, has been put into attention by the Hill Air Force Base which according to initial findings can cause hallucinations. In the report published in the Salt Lake Tribune, â€Å"magic mint† as its street name, is ingested or inhaled usually by the members of the military and the people inside the base (Salt Lake Tribune, August 20, 2007). The herbal plant is still legal as it is still under research by the DEA. Experts also say that the plant that grows in the wilds of Utah can cause lung irritation when its dried leaves are inhaled.LAWS AND POLICIES GOVERNING GENERIC DRUGS The regulations pertaining to generics drugs are under the responsibility of the Food and Drug Administration. Under the law, pharmaceutical companies or drug manufacturers have all the right to apply for a generic copy of their branded drugs. It can also be that a manufacturer seeks for a license from the brand name company to make a generic copy of the branded product . A generic copy of the drug is called â€Å"authorized generics† because the branded product manufacturer had given the authority to the manufacturer of the generic drug copy.However, these generic copied have to undergo the legal process that is regulated by the FDA. It is the Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984, commonly referred to as the Waxman-Hatch Act, which is being used as a legal basis for FDA for regulating generic drug copies. â€Å"Since the law was enacted over 23 years ago, the number of generic manufacturers and number of generic drug products on the market have expanded exponentially† (Coster, John M. 2007). The law allows a generic drug that is a generic copy of the pioneer drug to be approved by FDA to be marketed by the same company.This is even without the submission of the usual New Drug Application (NDA) that is submitted in full when a branded product is being applied for marketing. The NDA is usually a time-consuming and expensive clinical trials required to be done by the drug manufacturer in order to comply with the safety and efficacy standards required of them. With the Waxman-Hatch Act, NDA is being replaced with the submission of Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) provided that the generic copy has demonstrated the fact that it is bioequivalent to the pioneer drug (J.Coster, The Pharmacist, Vol. 32, No. 6, 2007). This process allows the generic copy to be approved for marketing the easier and faster way because it does not to prove its safety and effectiveness through trials since the pioneer drug had already proven such. For the ANDA of the generic drug to be approved, its pioneer drug must have the four required certifications: (1) that no patent is listed for the pioneer drug; (2) that the patent has expired; (3) the date on which the patent will expire; or (4) that the patent is invalid or not infringed.Such information is listed in the FDA’s Orange Book, a reference for t he pharmacists in determining the interchangeability of the drugs. Just recently, the Waxman-Hatch Act has been replaced with 3McCain-Schumer Act, after its authors Senators John McCain and Charles E. Schumer. The main feature of the new act is the changing of the 180-day exclusivity term of the first generic drug copy to only the 30-day term. Exclusivity, in the old law is granted for the manufacturer of the generic drug to market the product exclusively within 180 days that is for the manufacturer who first secured the FDA’s approval of the generic copy.With the new law, exclusivity term is shortened for the purpose of further price reduction of the generic drugs as competition is encouraged after the 30-day term. It is estimated, according to Schumer’s study that the new law will enable consumers to save 60% of their usual expense when buying branded drugs and that will give consumers a total of $71 billion savings in 10 years (Bash, Dana, CNN Online, May 01, 2001). Schumer cited Claritin, a prescription allergy drug as example which costs an average of $63.65 while its generic equivalent will only cost $25. 46. Generally, the new law is of great help for the Americans in terms of their medical expenditures. CONCLUSION By looking into the basic responsibilities and functions of the FDA and DEA, we were able to have an idea of the basic legal aspect of drug manufacturing and marketing. Also by having an overview of the laws governing generic copy manufacturing, we were able to have the basic knowledge of how the approval process rolls.In general we can conclude that the legal process of drug manufacturing and marketing is really a long and expensive process for the companies especially for the branded or patented drugs. However with the Schumer-McCain Act, the process is shortened and had benefited especially the consumers for enabling the cheaper version of their branded medicine to be marketed. REFERENCES 1FDAs Mission Statement. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. fda. gov/opacom/morechoices/mission. html 2DEA Mission Statement. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www.usdoj. gov/dea/agency/mission. htm 3Senate Passes Ground-Breaking Schumer-McCain Generic Drug Bill (Press Release). July 31, 2002. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://schumer. senate. gov/SchumerWebsite/pressroom/press_releases/PR01124. html Bash, Dana. McCain, Schumer introduce generic drug bill. CNN Online. May 01, 2001. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://archives. cnn. com/2001/ALLPOLITICS/05/01/senate. genericdrugs/index. html Coster, John M. The Waxman-Hatch Generic Drug Law: 23 Years Later. The Pharmacist. June 19, 2007. Vol. 32 No. 6Griffith, Christopher, et. al. (2002). View from Washington: Senate approves changes in generic-drug approval. Leydig, Voit Mayer, Ltd. Report. October 2002. Volume 3 Issue 4 Colonel bans use of ‘magic mint' herb. Salt Lake Tribune. August 20, 2007. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http: //www. sltrib. com/News/ci_6668009 Federal Authorities Warn Against Online Rogue Pharmacies. KT4 Online. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. ktiv. com/News/index. php? ID=16295 What FDA Regulates. Retrieved on August 26, 2007 from http://www. fda. gov/comments/regs. html

Physical Capacity Of Lakshadweep Tourism - 2126 Words

Tourism and Hospitality Management 3.222 Ajith Vengolickal Soman– GDTM – Semester II Title: - Physical Carrying capacity in Lakshadweep Tourism Student ID(211) Word Count: - Submitted To: - Jonathan Spring Definition of Tourism Carrying Capacity â€Å"Tourism Carrying Capacity is defined by the â€Å"World Tourism Organization† as the maximum number of people that may visit a tourist destination at the same time, without causing destruction of the physical, economic, socio-cultural environment and an unacceptable decrease in the quality of visitor satisfaction† Introduction Lakshadweep known as the coral paradise of Arabian Sea constitutes a group of islands lying scattered as distance of 220 to 460 km away from South Indian cost. The Lakshadweep archipelago is the smallest union territory of India, the mainland city of Cochin in Kerala. The early settlers in the islands were Hindus and Budhist, who were converted in Islam by around 7th centuary.Lakshawdeep remains as the only union territory of India whose local resident are entirely Muslims. Lakshadweep has a tropical climate with summer temperature ranging from 35 to 22 degree centigrade The traditions lifestyle and language of the people of island have close resemblance with that of Kerala. Due to large social backwardness, remoteness from the mainland, low levels of resources and development potential, and the population of these islands is classified as scheduled tribe.Show MoreRelatedcivil aviation23384 Words   |  94 PagesAdditionally, during the gestation period, a private carrier needs adequate staying power to buy aircraft and capacity in order to absorb initial operating losses. Furthermore, to succeed, new market entrants must be able to absorb market entry costs (sunk costs27 in nature) and withstand the incumbents‘ response to the entry of a new competitor. Other important barriers to entry include capacity and investment constraints, as well as the absence of a level playing field or 26 27 Shepherd, William

The New Threats of the Post-Cold War Era - 1131 Words

After the collapse of Soviet Union, the cold war was ended. New era is named as the Post-Cold War. With the Post Cold War era, everything changed like threats, perception of international relations and national security systems. Terrorism, cyber-vandalism, regional conflicts which are in hotspots like Middle East and Africa, are basic problems of world with the Post-Cold War era. Communist states are not communist anymore and they want to be in the system and they want to advance their economies and their welfare. All of these situations are new threats of the Post-Cold War era. We start with the explanation of threat and perception of threat. What is threat? â€Å"Threats may be understood in an active or passive sense: in the active sense, threat is the undertaking of one actor to impose a sanction on another; in the passive sense, it is an anticipation of impending danger. A threat may also be announced or latent. When it is announced, the picture is often quite clear, as one act or openly challenges the other. In the case where the threat is latent, it is harder to define the nature of the threat and its credibility as the perception of the observer has more of a subjective nature based on interpretation of certain signals from or assumptions about the threatening party.† After the meaning of threat, let’s look at the perception of threat. â€Å"In international relations, threat perception is seen as the decisive intervening variable between action and reaction; unless theShow MoreRelatedA Social Examination On The Cold War969 Words   |  4 PagesBrittany O’Neill May Paper Elaine Tyler takes a social examination on the war against communism in the book, Homeward Bound: American Families in the Cold War Era. May portrays the idea that the nuclear family structure was a way to amplify resistance against communism. The exterior threat of communism during the postwar and the Cold War era caused for interrelationships within marriages to become a longer and more stable environment. Compared to the previous book we read as a class, May takesRead MoreNuclear War And The Cold War Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagesknow the Cold War as a period of political and state tension between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. This era is often associated with the advancement of scientific research and arms build up as a result of the competition between these world superpowers, especially through the development of the nuclear bomb. Aside from the actual politics of the Cold War, Joseph Masco, professor of anthropology at the University of Chicago, argues in his novel, The T heater of Operations, that the Cold War providedRead More Post-Cold War Period Causes of Conflict Essay1706 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Cold War Period Causes of Conflict The end of the Cold War meant that the ideological conflict of dominance between East (Soviet Union and Eastern Europe) and West (USA and Western Europe) was over. Contrary to the expectations that world would be much safer in the post-Cold War, United States and Soviet Union were faced with new security issues that they did not know how to deal with. The objective of this essay is to show that with all these changes thatRead MoreFast Food Nation : The Dark Side Of The All American Meal1135 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Drive Thru† Consumerism Of The 1950’s In Eric Schlosser’s 2001 piece, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, he examines the rise of the fast food industry in the 1950’s as it was associated with the rampant consumerism of the era and shows how this led to the fast food industry becoming one of the most unethical, manipulative, and greedy industries that ever existed. Schlosser shows how fast food corporations, through mass appealing advertising, were able to manipulate consumersRead More Government and Politics - Americas Addiction to War Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States is addicted to war. In the same way that the drug addict seeks a euphoria from heroin, America seeks the thrill of war and victory. Though there are dire consequences, and certain destruction, the thrill of the high is a prize to be won, no matter the cost. The euphoria of victory and the addiction to war are comparatively recent for the United States. America was a reluctant and late participant in World War One, and before that, wars were fought for the conquest of the continentRead MorePost-Cold War US Foreign Policy1417 Words   |  6 PagesPost-Cold War US Foreign Relations The Cold War and its ending with the dismantling of the Soviet Union and a great reduction in the threat of communism as a competing system to capitalism and democratic governance changed the focus of US foreign policy. The change did not happen overnight and has ebbed and flowed significantly across time, often associated with the nature of foreign conflicts and US involvement in them but change it did (Saull, 2007, p. 180). The reduction of the size, might andRead MoreEssay about American Foreign Policy and Global Activism928 Words   |  4 Pageswhen public opinion has been unsupportive. After World War 2 we were only rivaled by the Soviet Union as a superpower; our policy at the time was to establish a righteous world order while simultaneously protecting that order against threats that could tear it down (i.e.: communism). After the end of the cold war the U.S was indecisive on what type of foreign policy to establish for itself, since American diplomacy before the end of the C old War was centered on fighting the spread of communism. TheRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union s Sphere Of Influence1611 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the Cold War. Suspicion of the Soviet Union s communist intentions combined with the possibility of military catastrophe (Kissinger, 15) inspired novelists to document the complex relationships between The United State and Russia, democracy and communism, and man and technology. The Cold War era as depicted in dystopian novels of the time was a bipolar power struggle between two imperfect ideological systems. Fundamentally opposed to communism, it was the role of democracy in this era to promoteRead MoreThe Cold War : A New History By John Lewis Gaddis1690 Words   |  7 Pagescapitalism. Communism, or Marxism posed as a huge threat to the free mined Western societies, thus resulting in world wars that left perilous aftermaths, and bred an ongoing conflict between the two global political establishments. The Cold War, which is most commonly known by the conflicts between the liberal United States, and the totalitarian USSR, affected multiple aspects of social norms, as it became a life style choice. The book The Cold War; A New History, by John Lewis Gaddis provides a detailedRead MoreFast Food Nation : The Dark Side Of The All American Meal1682 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Drive Thru† Consumerism Of The 1950’s In Eric Schlosser’s 2001 piece, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal, he examines the rise of the fast food industry in the 1950’s as it was associated with the rampant consumerism of the era and shows how this led to the fast food industry becoming one of the most unethical, manipulative, and greedy industries that ever existed. Schlosser shows how fast food corporations, through mass appealing advertising, were able to manipulate consumers

A Brief Note On Race And Capital Punishment Essay

Race and Capital Punishment When a person is charged with Capital punishment we automatically think they are a dangerous criminal, but what if someone was charge simply because of their race. Well, there have been many researches done along with statistical evidence to confirm that this may be in fact the case for African-Americans. The United States Constitution was established so that every Citizen in America is guaranteed their basic rights which include; guarantee a fair process in all hearings and equal treatment under the law. African-Americans have struggled throughout our history with unfair treatment and equality. For example, the decades of slavery and the struggle of passing the equal voting rights bill in 1965. This may have passed us, but many African-Americans are still dealing with racial discrimination and this time it’s with the Criminal Justice system in particular, Capital Punishment. There have been intensive studies and evidence coming up showing how race can in fact play a major rol e when determining if you get a sentence to Capital Punishment or not, even if you are in fact innocent. We are to believe with our Constitution, bill of rights, and laws that every citizen no matter what race you are will be treated equally fair and justice will hopefully be served, but throughout our history up until now we are finding out that ultimately what will decide the outcome of a citizens fair and equal trial is the color of their skin. The treatment ofShow MoreRelatedA Report On Capital Punishment3250 Words   |  13 Pages2014 Karelia Stetz-Waters Technical Writing Instructor Linn-Benton Community College 6500 Pacific Blvd, SW Albany, OR 97321 Dear Ms. Stetz-Waters: Enclosed is my report on â€Å"Capital Punishment†. This report begins with a brief background of the history of capital punishment and an overview of what capital punishment is defined as. The next section will begin to explain the problems that come with using this method for criminals. The report will look at four different aspects, cost efficiencyRead MoreEssay about Decision Making by Criminals3039 Words   |  13 PagesState (and even the Church) took on the task of dispensing law and order to the masses of the Middle Ages. This led to a period called the Holy Inquisition which lasted from the twelfth century to the eighteenth century. During the Holy Inquisition, punishment that was harsh and capricious was the norm. Also, there was no protection against bogus allegations, meaning, the burden of proof was on the accused to prove his/her innocence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The classical school of criminology was a response to the harshRead MoreDeterrence and Rational Choice Theory of Crime3085 Words   |  13 PagesState (and even the Church) took on the task of dispensing law and order to the masses of the Middle Ages. This led to a period called the Holy Inquisition which lasted from the twelfth century to the eighteenth century. During the Holy Inquisition, punishment that was harsh and capricious was the norm. Also, there was no protection against bogus allegations, meaning, the burden of proof was on the accused to prove his/her innocence. The classical school of criminology was a response to the harsh timesRead MoreThe Merits Of Teacher Performance Pay3187 Words   |  13 PagesKENYA Introduction This paper discusses the merits of performance pay for teachers in Kenya. I argued here that remuneration reforms for civil service teachers will achieve production efficiency. This paper has three main sections. Section 1 gives a brief description of the scheme of service for teachers in Kenya. Section 2 highlights the economic case in favour of teacher salaries and identifies the government failures in ensuring teacher effectiveness. Section 3 offers a criticism of teacher performanceRead MoreEssay on The Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison12486 Words   |  50 Pagespardon.3 Curiously enough, statistics on differential treatment of races are available in greater abundance than are statistics on differential treatment of economic classes. For instance, although the FBI tabulates arrest rates by race (as well as by sex, age, and geographical area), it omits class or income. Similarly, both the President’s Crime Commission Report and Sutherland and Cressey’s Criminology have index entries for race or racial discrimination but none for class or income of offendersRead MoreSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesAssignments and and Commentary SCLY1: Families and Households Please note that questions (d) and (e) require an essay-based response of approximately 400 words each (using sentences and paragraphs). You are advised to read page 14 of this document and to consult the general mark scheme on pages 15 and 16 before attempting to answer them. Assignment 1 (a) Explain what is meant by the term ‘expressive role’. (2 marks) Note that the question is worth two marks, so only a short explanation of Read MoreFor Against by L.G. Alexander31987 Words   |  128 Pagescity So S2 v 25 26 Equality of opportunity in the twentieth century has not destroyed the class system No one wants to live to be a hundred 54 56 58 60 62 27 Capital punishment is the only way to deter criminals 28 The space race is the world s biggest money waster 29 Violence can do nothing to diminish race prejudice 30 The most important of all human qualities is a sense of humour FORTY ADDITIONAL TOPICS 64 66 The arguments put forward in these essays do not necessarilyRead MoreEssay About Gullivers Travels5646 Words   |  23 Pagesout of power in 1714 and Swift, despite his fame for his writings, fell out of favor. Swift, who had been hoping to be assigned a position in the Church of England, instead returned to Dublin, where he became the dean of St. Patrick’s. During his brief time in England, Swift had become friends with writers such as Alexander Pope, and during a meeting of their literary club, the Martinus Scriblerus Club, they decided to write satires of modern learning. Gulliver’s Travels was a controversial workRead MoreAnti-Semitism in the West from Constantine to the Expulsion of Jews from Spain6419 Words   |  26 Pagescoming from the venerated Church Fathers of the early Christian Church raises some doubt as to both their sanity and their saintliness.2 Despite their belief that Christs death was necessary and predestined, they denounced the Jews as a condemned race and hated of God.3 Because of the growing power of the Church, Christian theology and the Church Fathers were to become more and more obsessed with Jewish guilt. The following teachings of the Fathers were to be handed down throughout succeedingRead More A Theological Perspective of the Clash of Civilizations Essay7154 Words   |  29 Pagesrecent events, I have set for myself the task in this paper of providing an overview of some of its chief insights and of offering a brief theological perspective on what he has to say. Competing Paradigms of Post-Cold War Geopolitics As Huntington says, his goal is to present â€Å"a framework, a paradigm† of global politics in the post-Cold war era, and as he rightly notes, â€Å"the test is whether it provides a more meaningful and useful lens through which to view international developments than any alternative

Renaissance Artists Brunelleschi and Ghilberti Essay Example For Students

Renaissance Artists Brunelleschi and Ghilberti Essay Sculpture was of great importance in the development of Renaissance art, of which two men, Bruneleschi and Ghilberti were major contributors (Great Artists of the Italian Renaissance, Page 38, and Lecture 3). There was a competition that was open for artists to enter to design a panel for the north entrance to the Baptistry (which had three entrances). There were seven entrants in the competition and the two final contestants were Brunelleschi and Ghiberti. In Brunelleschis depiction of Isaac and the characters and scenes surrounding him, there is an abruptness of an angel rushing in to grab Abrahams arm as Brunelleschi depicts a raw brutality when Abraham grabs Isaac around the throat, his head thrown back as he attempts to use the knife to kill him. Ghibertis panel, on the other hand, was more suave, more carefully balanced, less crowded, more idealized (none in the Brunelleschi), and more beautiful. The Isaac portrayed, even though small, was one of the first nude renaissance figures. Ghilbertis drama is less immediate than Bru, but it is more legible which is of great importance in this small scene, and in the other panels. It is easier to read on the doors from some distance. (Great Artists of the Italian Renaissance, Lecture 3). Ghiberti won the competition and worked on the door for a quarter of a century from 1403 to 1424. Out of this he was commissioned to do the south doors, without competition. It is understandable why it took so long to complete these doors as the work was not only tedious but the detail that had to be put into each panel for each story had to take great, consuming concentration to create such detail. You can see the features of the individuals, as well as the surrounding scenery in each panel which is read from left to right. The panels contact scenes from Genesis to Creation to their expulsion, Cain and Abel, Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Joshua, David and Solomon are portrayed on these panels. Great Artists of the Italian Renaissance, Lecture 3). The design of the doors was radially different from the design of the earlier baptistery doors since the 28th panel and the quadrafoil shape within which the sculptural figures had to be fitted in the earlier doors was abandoned. The new doors had 10 panels, 5 in each valve, and were square and much larger fields similar to those used in paintings. It allowed Gilberti to develop a pictorial style of relief sculpture with remarkable illusions of architectural and landscape space. rtists. Each of the panels was completely guilded creating an exquisite and splendid appearance. (Great Artists of the Italian Renaissance, Page 38, and Lecture 3). I chose Lorenzo Ghilberti for being a student of the bible (Word of GOD), the subjects of his panel work (called the Gates of Paradise0 was fascinating to me. Even though I have seen most, if not all, of the stories ? as paintings, Ghilberti created a totally different dimension and perspective within each delicate and intricate creation for the individual panels.. Each detail was beautifully sculpted so that each figure almost pops out of the panel and comes alive. Learning about and seeing this type of art work also helps me to understand why GOD does not want man to use graven images because many times the truth may not be depicted completely from what a man or woman imagines; for instance, the above-mentioned competition panel which portrays grabbing Isaac to slit his throat. Its a little shocking to me as Abraham was not mad nor angry when he took Isaac up on the mountain as a sacrifice. In the bible, they are instructed how to do a sacrifice. .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c , .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .postImageUrl , .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c , .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c:hover , .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c:visited , .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c:active { border:0!important; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c:active , .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u62f5bc317db48bd7f3225fd2c5c1b17c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Baroque Music and Renaissance Period EssayOne type of sacrifice using a lamb, ram or other animal had the person to bind their feet and place them on the altar. Sacrifices had their throats humanely cut to drain the blood, as they were not allowed to eat blood. Isaac would have been bound and laid on the altar then sacrificed for he asked his father, Abraham, where the sacrifice was to which Abraham, trusting GOD, answered that GOD would provide the sacrifice. Quite a contract to what is being portrayed in the panels; but, nevertheless, the artistry portrayed gives a different sense of their passion in the art work they displayed in the Renaissance.

Semiotics of Gloves free essay sample

A glove protects. A glove provides warmth. A glove provides safety. A glove possesses many different qualities. The presence of a glove in Cather in the Rye and Winter’s Bone is something that readers possibly overlook before delving into the true significance of the book. Once readers closely analyze the importance within a text, some realize that a small symbol can mean something more than life to a particular character. Both J.D. Salinger and Daniel Woodrell provide a divine illustration of how individual culture reflects the arbitrary connection of a specific symbol. In Kaja Silverman’s The Subject of Semiotics, theorist Charles Sanders Peirce demonstrates his specific knowledge about sign theory. He writes that a sign is â€Å"something which stands to somebody for something in some respect or capacity. It addresses somebody, that is creates in the mind of that person an equivalent sign, or perhaps a more developed sign† (Silverman 14). We will write a custom essay sample on Semiotics of Gloves or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both Jessup’s boxing gloves in Winter’s Bone and Allie’s baseball mitt in Catcher in the Rye creates a concrete understanding of symbolic significance. However, it is essential to recognize more than the symbolic relevance while analyzing a text. The semiotics of each glove provides a lucid understanding as to why the gloves are particularly meaningful within the culture of each story’s plot. For the sake of closely analyzing the importance of the gloves both between Dee and her brothers to their father, as well as Holden to his younger brother, Allie, it is important to recognize that the glove is representing a deceased figure within both of their lives. Although their cultures run completely parallel to one another, they are also tied together through the semiotics of each individual glove. A glove represents the way you handle certain situations, or getting a handle on the problem. It can also signify holding on to a part of the past. In both cultures it is deemed acceptable to believe that in this case, Dee and her brothers, as well as Holden are holding on to part of the past that are now in the underworld. While Holden doesn’t express the importance of the relationship between him and Allie until a few chapters in, he gives the reader a unique understanding when he discusses his baseball glove. The glove not only represents Holden’s love for his younger brother it also exemplifies Allie’s individuality. It is understood that after analyzing Holden’s character he hates conflict with anything around him. He is confused by his brother’s  death and therefore fears interactions with people and is hesitant to let people into the barrier her has created for himself. This is seen when he struggles to explain to Stradlater his descriptive composition assignment. Holden failed to describe a room or house, and instead described the baseball glove. Holden gives Stradlater the composition and the conversation flows as follows, â€Å" This is about a goddamn baseball glove.† â€Å"So what?† I said. Cold as hell. â€Å"Wuddya mean so what?† I told ya it had to be about a goddamn room or a house or something.† â€Å"You said is had to be descriptive. What the hell’s the difference if it’s about a baseball glove?† (41). This is definitely contributes to part of his culture and how he chooses to conduct his life. The glove is a part of him, and to others, a worn out, left handed baseball mitt with scribbles of poems may not mean anything, but to Holden, it means the world because that is all he has left of his brother. Holden keeps Allie alive through the baseball glove. And although it’s just an old worn baseball glove to Statlader with no meaning, to Holden, it’s a keepsake of his younger brother, a memory that he will always keep with him. Allie’s death was definitely one of the most painful experiences of Holden’s life, which may lead to the root of his psychological breakdown in later chapters. Holden’s attachment to the baseball glove is an opposite connection to Dee’s association with the boxing gloves, which belonged to her father. The boxing gloves represent the struggle and the hardship that Dee had to overcome through her family issues. Raising her two brothers as well as taking care of her mother and fighting to get her dad back represents the battle. The novel basically denotes a fight, hence the boxing gloves. Now that her father is gone, Dee takes it upon herself to teach her two brothers to learn how to fight for themselves. Once Dee found the boxing gloves hanging in the shed, Woodrell goes into detail about how important the punching bag was to her. â€Å"She kicked the bag. The chain rattled and she remembered how happy she always used to get hearing Dad whip that bag, rattle the chain, make the bag jump† (188). Dee certainly admired her dad’s strength to fight and will continue to protect her family. When her brothers came home she says, â€Å"Another thing you two’ll want to know, is how to fight. I can show you what Dad showed me† (189). Dee teaching her brothers how to fight is passing on her family’s strength. It is not so much as a memory of Jessup, as Holden’s situation  with Allie’s glove, but more of a physical characteristic that is meaningful in it’s own way. Although each glove has similar signs that ultimately tie them together in order grasp the past, the context in which the semiotics of the gloves are seen through the lenses of each character allow them to express their own individual culture. Peirce’s work exemplifies the two characters and their diverging cultures and values. He demonstrates that in both situations the gloves provide something that â€Å"stands to somebody for something in some respect or capacity†. For Holden it represents his brother and for Dee it represents the continuous of strength and battle within her family. â€Å" I think it is all a matter of love; the more you love a memory, the stronger and stranger it is†. This quote said by Vladimir Nabokov is relevant to both characters and their situations and attachment to the gloves. Holden is attached because it is the only memory he has of his brother. And through the memory of her father and the fighting she did, Dee will put forth the strength in the future for her brothers as well as herself. The gloves of both the characters will continue to hold a part of the past for both Holden and Dee both physically and emotionally.